Which term describes the pretrial exchange of evidence between prosecution and defense?

• A. Arraignment
• B. Discovery
• C. Hearsay
• D. Evidence

Answer: (B)

Discovery is the pretrial exchange of information between the prosecution and the defense to prepare for trial. It ensures both sides know what evidence the other intends to present, reducing surprises and allowing proper testing of that evidence. Through discovery, the prosecution shares items such as police reports, lab results, photographs, recorded statements, and expert findings, while the defense may disclose witness lists, alibi arguments, and other materials they plan to use. This process promotes fairness, helps identify weaknesses in the case, and allows challenges to admissibility and reliability. It also obligates disclosure of exculpatory information that could negate guilt. Arraignment, by contrast, is the court appearance where charges and pleas are addressed; hearsay is a type of statement that may be restricted as evidence; and evidence is the broad category of materials used to prove facts.