Which technique is not listed among common forensic biology techniques?

• A. DNA extraction
• B. PCR
• C. Serology
• D. Gel chromatography

Answer: (D)

Forensic biology centers on methods to recover, amplify, and analyze biological material. DNA extraction is the fundamental step to isolate DNA from evidence so it can be studied. PCR is then used to amplify tiny amounts of DNA, producing enough material for profiling and matching. Serology involves testing for the presence of biological fluids and often determining their type, which helps establish the context of evidence. Gel chromatography is not a standard technique in forensic biology. Chromatography is a chemical separation method, and while it’s used in other areas of chemistry and biochemistry, it isn’t typically part of the routine workflow for analyzing biological evidence. When DNA work is visualized, lab technicians usually rely on gel electrophoresis rather than chromatography. So gel chromatography isn’t listed among the common forensic biology techniques.