Which of the following is NOT listed as a solution to bias?

• A. Independent Reviews & Peer Review
• B. Technology
• C. Polygraph Testing
• D. Case Managers

Answer: (C)

Bias shows up when decisions are colored by personal judgments rather than evidence, so effective remedies focus on external checks, standardized methods, and accountable processes. Independent reviews and peer review provide that external check: they bring in fresh perspectives, challenge assumptions, and catch subjective leaps, which helps ensure conclusions aren’t driven by a single viewpoint. Technology supports bias reduction by enforcing consistent criteria, automating routine analyses, and minimizing reliance on memory or individual interpretation. Case managers oversee the process, keeping procedures on track, documenting decisions, and ensuring different steps are followed in a fair, transparent way, which helps prevent selective or biased actions.

Polygraph testing, while used in some contexts for deception assessment, is not considered a guaranteed solution to bias. Its validity is debated, and it can introduce its own uncertainties and biases, rather than reliably reducing bias in how evidence is gathered or interpreted.