Which indicator used to estimate time since death is not one of the three primary temperature-based PMI indicators?

• A. Rigor Mortis
• B. Livor Mortis
• C. Algor Mortis
• D. Entomology

Answer: (D)

Time since death is commonly estimated using body temperature changes and related postmortem changes. The three primary temperature-based PMI indicators are algor mortis (cooling of the body to ambient temperature), livor mortis (blood settling and resulting discoloration in dependent areas), and rigor mortis (loss of muscle flexibility as chemical processes unfold). Entomology, by contrast, relies on the life stages and development of insects that colonize a corpse. While temperature affects insect development, this method uses insect succession and growth data rather than a direct, temperature-driven change in the body itself. Therefore entomology is not one of the three primary temperature-based indicators.