What is physical evidence?

• A. Statements about the case by witnesses.
• B. Items and the condition of tangible objects that are collected and/or documented.
• C. Hearsay statements.
• D. The judge's verdict.

Answer: (B)

Physical evidence consists of tangible items and the condition of those objects that are collected and documented from a scene or related location. It includes things like fingerprints, fibers, weapons, bloodstains, digital devices, and any material that can be physically examined or tested. The key idea is that physical evidence is real, measurable material that can be analyzed to uncover facts about what happened, when, and by whom. This type of evidence is valued for its objective, testable nature, which helps corroborate or challenge testimony. By contrast, statements from witnesses are testimonial evidence and can be affected by memory or perception; hearsay refers to out-of-court statements offered to prove a point and has limitations on admissibility; and a judge’s verdict is a decision, not itself an item of evidence.