What are the 3 basic glass determinations?

• A. Glass Color Determination
• B. Density measurement
• C. Porosity
• D. Glass Type Determinations; Direction Of Force Determinations; Sequence of Force Determinations

Answer: (D)

In glass fracture analysis, the three basic determinations are what the glass is (type), the direction from which the force was applied (direction of force), and the order in which the forces occurred (sequence of force). Knowing the type of glass helps identify its source by comparing composition and properties like refractive index. The direction of force is inferred from fracture patterns—radial and concentric cracks, edge beveling, and how cracks propagate from impact points tell you where the impact came from. The sequence of force comes from examining how cracks intersect and which fractures were initiated first, often requiring careful comparison of fracture lines to deduce the order of impacts.

The other options point to properties like color, density, or porosity. While those can help characterize glass, they don’t constitute the core framework used to determine the source, the impact direction, and the sequence of events in a fracture scenario.