In AVE-V, what does the 'V' component represent?

• A. Validation
• B. Verification
• C. Vetting
• D. Vouching

Answer: (B)

In AVE-V, the V stands for verification, the step where you confirm the accuracy of results through independent checks or replication. Verification is about making sure the data, measurements, or conclusions are correct by confirming them with an independent method or source. This differs from validation, which asks whether the method or system is suitable for its intended use; vetting focuses on assessing the trustworthiness of people or sources; and vouching is about corroborating entries against original documents in an audit. In practice, verification might involve reanalyzing a subset of data with another instrument or method, or cross-checking results against raw data to ensure consistency.